[Peculiarities of leukotrienes metabolism in vitamin E deficiency in rats].

Some changes take place in the spectrum of fatty acid, cholesterol and individual phospholipids' composition in the rat liver, under E-hypovitaminosis, that can play a considerable role in the cell damage. The level of cysteinyl leucotriene decreases in the blood and liver under E-hypovitaminosis and it rises to the control level under vitamin E correction. This demonstrates the influence of tocopherol on 5-LO pathway arachidonic acid.

[Lipids and caplain in guinea pig tissues in the process of development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis].

The character of some lipids level change--cholesterol and phospholipids--as basic lipid components of cell membranes in the guinea-pig brain and liver tissue, and in serum in conditions of development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) have been investigated on the 11th, 21st, 27th day after inoculation. It has been detected, that the level of the investigated lipids changes wavely and indifferent-direction in the brain tissue on the 21st day of EAE. Similar variability observed in the activity of proteolytic ferment calpain, which is authentically reduced in the brain tissue by the 11th hour and increases up to the test objective level in the subsequent periods of EAE development. In the liver the level of alpha-tocopherol is reduced, while the content of studied lipids does not change. The investigated parameters can be attributed to the factors, which play an essential role in structural stability of cell membranes and their variability in conditions of EAE development is related to the processes of nervous cells demyelinisation and, hence to occurrence of such pathology as multiple sclerosis in people.

[Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence enzyme activity in multiple sclerosis].

Changes of state of lipid peroxidation and activity of antioxidant defence enzymes katalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase - in the brain and liver tissue of guinea-pig in conditions of different stages of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; 11th, 21st, 27th day after inoculation) and in blood of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with different types, degrees of severity and length of disease and blood level of reduced glutathione have been investigated. We have found, that the development of oxidative stress in animal organism during the disease development is progressive and intensive lipid peroxide oxidation without compensation by antioxidant mechanisms have been shown in the late period (27th day) of the experiment. In MS conditions this state was accompanied with high activity of demyelination process, severe degree of neuronal injury and length of disease above 5 years. In addition reduced glutathione level was increased in many patient groups: remitting type, light (II) degree of severity and among the patients with strongly disturbed neurological functions and long course of the disease. The obtained data allow us to suppose that the development of oxidative stress under demyelination conditions is a result of strong metabolic disorders and decrease of antioxidant defence in the patients during the disease development. The necessity of individual approaches for antioxidant therapy of patients with MS is discussed.

[Redox-state of NAD pairs and activity of lactatedehydrogenase and NADase in guinea pig tissues at different stages of development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis]. / Okysno-vidnovnyi stan NAD-par i aktyvnist' laktatdehidrohenazy ta NAD-azy u tkanynakh mors'kykh svynok na riznykh stadiiakh eksperymental'noho alerhichnoho entsefalomiielitu.

Changes of NAD content, redox-state, enzyme activity in the brain and liver tissues of Guinea pigs at different stages of development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were investigated using the model of multiple sclerosis. It was shown, that the most legible changes of the investigated parameters occur on the preclinical stage and the stage of initial neurological symptoms. The increase of the brain NAD level and reduction properties of NAD+/NADH pairs reduction properties against a background of inhibition of lactatedehydrogenase activity was observed in the early terms of EAE development (7-15 day). The liver lactatedehydrogenase activity is increased at an initial stage. NAD-ase activity is increased in the medium term (18-21 day) that correlates with changes of this enzyme activity in the blood serum. In the term of strongly expressed neurological signs (26-33 day) the sharp drop of NAD content in the brain and liver is observed. The role of the obtained results at different stages of EAE development is discussed.

[Effect of C27-steroids on lipid peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria]. / Vplyv C27-steroïdiv na peroksydne okyslennia lipidiv u mitokhondriiakh pechinky shchuriv.

The influence of C27-steroids--vitamin D3 and 20-hydroxyecdysone in free-radical reactions on lipid peroxidation in the mitochondrial fraction of rat's liver has been studied. Antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the content of lipid components--cholesterol and phospholipids has been determined. The assumption was put forward that antioxidant action of steroids was possible as a result of to the modification of mitochondrial membrane through its lipid content and changing of its cholesterol: phospholipids content.

[Vitamin D3 and 20-hydroxyecdysone -- inhibitors of free radical lipid oxidation during D-hypervitaminosis]. / Vitamin D3 i 20-gidroksiékdizon -- ingibitory svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia lipidov pri D-gipovitaminoze.

Under D-hypovitaminosis (control) conditions the statistically reliable increase of blood serum lipids free radical oxidation was revealed in comparison with the intact animals. Administration of vitamin D3 to the animals suffering from D-hypovitaminosis leads for statistically reliable decrease of blood serum lipids free radical oxidation, while 20-hydroxyecdysone in quantity of 0.02 mg per 1 kg of the animal body weight displays the antioxidative properties. Its antioxidative effect is characterized by a statistically reliable increase of Tind chemiluminescence kinetical parameter as compared with the control. Under D-hypovitaminosis conditions in the mitochondrial membranes the products of lipids free radical oxidation--dien conjugates are accumulated. In the case of administrating to the animals suffering from D-hypovitaminosis D3 or 20-hydroxyecdysone these oxidation products are absent. 20-Hydroxyecdysone under these conditions have been revealed as inducing accumulation in the mitochondrial and microsomal membranes of the substances with lambda 225 nm.

[Effect of vitamin D3, arginine, and a biologically active complex from Serratula coronata on free radical oxidation of lipids in vitamin D deficiency]. / Vliianie vitamina D3, arginina i biologicheski aktivnogo kompleksa iz Serratula coronata na svobodnoradikal'noe okislenie lipidov pri D-gipovitaminoze.

Lipid free-radical oxidation (LFRO) on the D-deficient model with the animal administration per os by vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), specimen from Serratula coronata plant, containing low molecular weight biological sterol--20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysterone) was investigated. As well influence of arginine as one of the amino acid components of the specimen from Serratula coronata was investigated. The LFRO in the blood serum, liver microsomal and mitochondrial fractions were characterize by measured of the chemiluminescence kinetic parameters. Vitamin D3, the specimen from Serratula coronata plant and arginine displayed some antioxidant (AO) properties as was established. On the basis of the received experimental data the series of their antioxidizing activity: vitamin D3 = drug from Serratula coronata > arginine were offered. The possible mechanism of the 20-hydroxyecdysone and arginine participation on LFRO maybe in free-radical reactions breaking via hydroxy and amino groups in structure of their molecules.

[Antioxidant effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone in a model system]. / Izuchenie antiokislitel'nogo éffekta 20-gidroksiékdizona v model'noi sisteme.

Changes in the level of lipid free-radical oxidation in mitochondrial fraction at the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone in 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 microM concentration with the help of a chemiluminescence (ChL) method were investigated in vitro. Statistically authentic reduction of ChL kinetic parameters--I(s) and tg alpha, at 20-hydroxyecdysone presence in concentration of 2 microM was found. 20-hydroxyecdysone administration in concentration 4 microM and more leads to the statistically authentic change of all four ChL parameters. The antioxidizing effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone was compared with action of such antioxidant as a hydroquinone. The higher activity of 20-hydroxyecdysone as an antioxidant in comparison with the hydroquinone was shown. For changes of all four measured kinetic parameters of ChL, concentration of the hydroquinone as much 2-fold than for 20-hydroxyecdysone is necessary. On the basis of our researches in the model system a conclusion was made that 20-hydroxyecdysone has an antioxidizing action on lipid free radical oxidation in mitochondrial fraction in dependents on concentration. 20-Hydroxyecdysone has antioxidizing properties directly, in these conditions in vitro, when its metabolites formation does not occur yet.

Chemiluminescence determination of the in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activity of RoseOx and carnosic acid.

Lipid free-radical oxidation has been studied in vivo in the mitochondrial fractions of the liver of rats fed RoseOx (carnosic acid nutritional supplement) by measuring chemiluminescence. The kinetics of the lipid chemiluminescence in rats fed RoseOx are significantly different from those of the control. The intensity of the chemiluminescence fast flash decreases by 45% (p < 0.01), which indicates a reduction of lipid peroxides. The time between fast and slow flashes increases by 96% (p < 0.05), which indicates a higher content of antioxidants in the lipid membrane. The in vitro experiments in rat liver mitochondrial fraction display more effective antioxidant action of alpha-tocopherol in 1 microM concentration than 1 microM carnosic acid by an increase of the time between fast and slow chemiluminescence flashes (p < 0.01). However, the higher antioxidant activity of 1 microM carnosic acid by a decrease of intensity of the chemiluminescence fast (p < 0.05) and slow (p < 0.05) flashes in comparison with alpha-tocopherol is revealed in these experimental conditions in vitro. Carnosic acid has antioxidant effects on homogeneous oxidation in vitro as well. The chemiluminescence of methyl oleate initiated by 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) decreases by 25% (p < 0.01) in the presence of 13.5 microM carnosic acid. 13.5 microM alpha-tocopherol decreases the methyl oleate chemiluminescence by 45%. A higher antioxidant activity of alpha-tocopherol in comparison with carnosic acid (p < 0.001) is found in this system. These results indicate that RoseOx reduces free-radical-induced lipid peroxidation in vivo. In vitro data show that carnosic acid has direct action as an antioxidant, rather than as a membrane-structure modifier.

[Placenta--a source of biologically active substances]. / Platsenta--istochnik biologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv.

In the review there are some data displaying the scientific and patent literature presenting placenta as a rich source of some biologically active substances (BAS): proteins, lipids, enzymes, glycolipids and glycolipoproteins, hormones. This information is capable to be used while developing the techniques of BAS producing from placenta in order of creating the organospecific complex preparations with medically-preventive properties.

[Effect of vitamin D3 on free-radical oxidation of lipids in low density lipoproteins in vitamin D deficiency]. / Vliiane vitamina D3 na svobodnoradikal'noe okislenie lipidov v lipoproteinakh nizkoi plotnosti pri D-gipovitaminoze.

The lipid free radical oxidation in low density lipoproteins was investigated on D-deficiency model in vivo. The processes of lipid free radical oxidative activation in low density lipoproteins at D-deficiency occurred. The chemiluminescence kinetic parameters: the maximum intensity of the first flash and inclination angle tangent of an ascending branch of the second flash grew at D-deficiency in comparison with control group (p < 0.02 and p < 0.05, respectively). At the same time, the vitamin D3 introduction to the experimental animals diet failed result statistically reliable inclination angle tangent of an ascending branch of the second flash was reduced (p < 0.02). Increase of the products reacting with thiobarbituric acid content in low density lipoproteins in D-deficiency conditions (p < 0.001) was found. Vitamin D3 introduction to the diet reduced quantity of products reacting with thiobarbituric acid in low density lipoproteins (p < 0.01). However, their level remained higher than for the control animals (p < 0.01) as established.

[Characteristics of antioxidant properties of 20-hydroxyecdysone in low density lipoproteins by kinetic parameters of chemiluminescence]. / Kharakteristika antiokislitel'nykh svoistv 20-gidroksiékdizona v lipoproteinakh nizkoi plotnosti po kineticheskim parametram khemiliuminestsentsii.

20-Hydroxyecdysone is capable to terminate the lipid free-radical oxidation in low density lipoprotein in vitro as displayed by the kinetic chemiluminescence parameters. In concentrations interval from 2 x 10(-6) mol/l up to 8 x 10(-6) mol/l it statistically reliably reduces maximum of the first flash intensity of the low density lipoprotein Fe(2+)-initiated chemiluminescence. It testifies about Fe(2+)-initiated lipid peroxide process decomposition in low density lipoprotein slowing down by 20-hydroxyecdysone. In concentration of 20-hydroxyecdysone 8 x 10(-6) mol/l the statistically reliable reduction of angle tangent of an ascending branch of the second flash of low density lipoprotein Fe(2+)-initiated chemiluminescence was found. This is a result of free-radical lipid oxidation rate reduction in the low density lipoprotein at the 20-hydroxyeodysone presence. The equations of the kinetic parameters linear dependences Fe(2+)-initiated chemiluminescence in low density lipoprotein on the concentration of 20-hydroxyeodysone and hydroquinone have been received. The correlation factors in the interval from 0.8980 up to 0.6789 have been calculated. Thus, the assumption has been forwarded that 20-hydroxyeodysone has antioxidizing properties. However, its antioxidizing activity in free radical lipid oxidation of is low density lipoprotein is as less as for hydroquinone.

[Lipids and their antioxidant activity in tissues of ruminant animals]. / Lipidy ta ïkhnia antyokysliuval'na aktyvnist' u tkanynakh zhuinykh tvaryn.

The work deals with the estimation of lipids in the bovine tissues (liver, intestine, skin) of the animals bred for the industrial purposes. The tests displayed, that depending on ration, breeding conditions and providing the animals organism with vitamins, the lipids levels in the liver, intestine and skin changes. As a result of the experiments the conclusion was made that deficiency of fatty-soluble vitamins A, D, E in the animals fodder provided for the disturbance of lipid metabolism in their organism and for the development of a pathologic process: a light form of alimentary parathyroid-osteodistrophia. This state was eliminated by means of additive intramuscular injection of the above listed vitamins. Estimation of the test animals tissue lipids properties revealed, that the provision of the organism with the vitamins led to the increase of the level of some natural antioxidants. Normal development of animals is provided when they are fed by natural products.

Effects of vitamin D3 and ecdysterone on free-radical lipid peroxidation.

Free-radical-induced lipid peroxidation was studied in vivo by measuring chemiluminescence of tissues from vitamin D-deficit animals before and after peroral administration of low-molecular-weight biological steroids vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and ecdysterone. The kinetics of lipid chemiluminescence in model systems in vitro were determined in blood serum and microsomal and mitochondrial fractions of the liver. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and ecdysterone displayed antiradical properties; the latter was more potent in this respect. Oxidation of lipids by hydroxyl groups contained in ecdysterone can account for its antiradical effect. Ecdysterone and D3 may cause antiradical effects through the same mechanisms.

[The normal tear fluid and decreased tearing in patients with Sjögren's disease and Sjögren's syndrome. II. The lipid content]. / Doslidzhennia sl'ozovoï ridyny v normi ta pry znyzhenni sl'ozoproduktsiï u osib z khvoroboiu Shehrena ta z syndromom Shehrena. II. Vmist lipidiv.

Studies of total lipids--squalene, cholesterol and sterol ethers, fatty acids and their ethers, lanosterol, oxysterols and phospholipids in 25 patients (50 eyes) with Sjogren's disease and 26 patients (52 eyes) with Sjogren's syndrome have revealed a statistically significant reduction of phospholipid quantities and an increase in fatty acids, and cholesterol in patients vs. the normal subjects. Possible influence of lipid components on the structure and function of the tear pellicle is discussed.

[The normal tear fluid and decreased tearing in patients with Sjögren's disease and Sjögren's syndrome. I. The protein and glucose content]. / Doslidzhennia sl'ozovoï ridyny v normi ta pry znyzhenni sl'ozoproduktsiï u osib z khvoroboiu Shehrena ta z syndromom Shehrena. I. Vmist bilkiv ta hliukozy.

Studies of total proteins, lysozyme and glucose in 25 patients (50 eyes) with Sjogren's disease and 26 patients (52 eyes) with Sjogren's syndrome have revealed a statistically significant reduction of tear production in patients vs. the normal subjects. The results obtained can be used both for diagnostic and therapeutic, purposes, in particular for dry-eye patients.

[Department of sterol biochemistry]. / Viddil biokhimiï steryniv.

The Department of Steroid Biochemistry headed by Professor Vendt Volodymir Petrovich, Doctor of Biological Sciences (1906-1993) was created on the basis of the Department of Photobiochemistry in 1976. At that time the Department was headed by Kokunin Vasyl Andriyovich, Candidate of biological sciences, till 1990. Professor Yu.D.Kholodovais, Doctor of biological sciences, is the head of the department today. Study of action mechanism of low-molecular-weight biologically active substances of steroid nature (cholesterol, cholecalciferol, ecdysterone) under normal and pathological conditions (atherosclerosis, rickets) as well as the development of scientific grounds of production of new drugs used both in medicine and agriculture are the basic purposes of the Department. The department is engaged in: 1) the study of biosynthetic processes of de novo cholesterol and its precursors in different tissues and cells of the organism; 2) the elucidation of the role of sterols as the components of membrane structure in different cells as well as the study of cholesterol absorption processes in the intestine and the search of a hypocholesterolemic agents; 3) the study of localization and biological properties of vitamin D-dependent proteins in order to elucidate their role in intestinal calcium transport; 4) the investigation of different classes of blood plasma composition of intestine and liver lipoproteins (LP), their structural, functional properties and frequency of occurrence; 5) the search of highly effective biostimulators of steroid nature, the elucidation of their action mechanisms and elaboration of new preparations on their basis for medicine and agriculture. Sterols are components of lipids with cyclopentanoperhydrofenantren molecular structure. Cholesterol is the basic animal and human organism sterol. A new complicated, multi-step method of cholesterol biosynthesis and participation of a number of enzymes and cofactors in it have been studied (V. Vendt, R. Morozova, I. Nikolenko, Visnyk AN URSR, 1978). Cholesterol is the major component of cell membrane structures which determines their structure and permeability. The interest to study a new method of cholesterol biosynthesis regulation arises from the reason that cholesterol pools in membranes participate in such diseases as rachitis, atherosclerosis, arterial coronal disease, different forms of cholecystitis, etc. It is established that the nature, rate and intensity of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis depend on types of cells, tissues and organs, taking into account the functional state of final compounds in these biosystems under normal conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

[Chemical analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition of urinary concrements]. / Khimicheskii analiz kachestvennogo i kolichestvennogo sostava mochevykh konkrementov.

A complex system of chemical investigation of urinary concrements has been developed. Qualitative analysis methods have been improved so that conclusions about urinary calculus composition are based on the data of objective chemical reactions specific for this or that component. This makes the conclusion highly reliable. Simple photometric methods are suggested for measurements of phosphate and oxalate ions in concrements of a mixed composition. These methods permit a quantitative analysis of stones with a very little mass and even as small as sand particles. The results permit assessment of oxalate to phosphate ratio and help detect the predominance of this or that component, thus allowing the physician to recommend well-grounded measures to prevent urolithiasis recurrences. The methods were tried at the Central Clinicodiagnostic Laboratory of District Clinical Hospital in Ivanovo: more than 220 samples were analyzed there. The methods were approved. The methods are simple and available, this recommending their wide use at inpatient and outpatient clinics.

[Enzyme activity and lipids of a preparation from the pyloric ceca of salmon]. / Fermentativnaia aktivnost' i lipidy preparata piloricheskikh pridatkov lososevykh ryb.

Proteolytic activity and lipid composition of enzymic preparations of water extract from the pyloric caeca of salmon fishes have been studied. Phospholipids and sterols are tightly bound with proteins. The participation of lipids in the proteolytic activity is discussed.

[Lipoproteins of rat small intestine epithelial cells in D-hypovitaminosis]. / Lipoproteiny épiteliotsitov tonkogo kishechnika krys v usloviiakh D-gipovitaminoza.

Chemical composition of lipoproteins has been studied in intestinal epitheliocytes of rats in normalcy and under D-hypovitaminosis. It is found that D-hypovitaminosis induces changes in the lipid and protein composition of lipoproteins. It is supposed that disturbances in biosynthesis of the lipoprotein components and their transport may be possible reasons of such changes.